The article deals with the issues of rendition of the national and cultural foundations of the Kazakh and English peoples in the works of fiction. The issues of the use of linguistic means and stylistic techniques, which constitute a significant difficulty of their translation, are touched upon as well. The article considers the possibilities of using translation techniques in the transmission of nationally colored units of the language. The relevance of the article is due to the following factors: the need to expand the comparative description of vocabulary with a cultural component using ex-amples from fiction; to give the contextual meaning of the national-cultural component of words; to define the national and cultural specificity of the semantics of the Kazakh and English languages that create linguistic problems in translation. The upper mentioned goals pose the following tasks: to identify vocabulary with a cultural component in literary works; to compare the semantics of the identified words and describe the specifics of their meanings associated with the characteristic fea-tures of culture, reality, everyday life, etc.; to assess the degree of adequacy of the translation. The most significant results obtained from studying the question posed in this article are: Comparative analysis of ethno cultural vocabulary and, possible translation versions of these units are made; designation of national and cultural features of vocabulary; identification of the main trends in the semantic expansion of meanings; establishment of extra linguistic factors while translation; determination of the stylistic features of the units under consideration; discrepancies in the value picture of the world of the languages under consideration; analysis of a stable layer of vocabulary in the sphere of their national specificity.