The article proposes a methodology for teaching ethnocultural units. The parameters and distinctive features of ethnocultural units and linguocultural units have been determined. Ethnocultural units differ in ethnopsycholinguistic principles. According to the laws of ethnopsycholinguistics, they are determined by the direction of ethnocentrism, i.e. acculturation of interethnic cultures, the formation of a cultural community. And also, the vitality of ethnocultural values is determined by the relevance of preserving the ethnodifferentiating attribute of ethnoculture. The article analyzes the culture of communication of an ethnic group as a system of historically formed psychological means of communicative (sign) activity, characteristic of a given people. The possibilities of a semiotic approach to the study of both the structure and internal psychological mechanisms of the culture of communication of an ethnos are analyzed. The need to intensify domestic psychological science in the study of ethnocultural and cultural-psychological characteristics of communication is emphasized.