The study of language as a social phenomenon in its ontological, epistemological, and pragmatic aspects is considered important at a time when language is gaining special applied significance. One of the main directions of modern linguistics is to consider the language phenomenon as a means of communication used not only within the formal system, but also in the social environment. In the theory of communication, along with other types of language variability, there is a need for a systematic, comprehensive study of types of functional stylistics within the above-mentioned areas. Because in order to recognize the true correlation between the types of language activity and social consciousness, to distinguish between language and speech styles formed in accordance with the system of knowledge in the minds of the language personality and the collective, it is necessary to identify the linguistic and cognitive foundations of stylistics and make a new interpretation. This determines the correlation between the cultural-intellectual, communicative-pragmatic potential of the language and the metacognitive abilities of linguists, the linguistic-cognitive foundations of language and speech styles.