The article reveals the peculiarities of the formation and development of Kazakh poetry in antiquity and the Middle Ages with a deep study of the genesis of Saks, Huns and ancient Turkic epochs. In addition, the manifestation of the idea of freedom, freedom in the work of Zhyrau and its representatives, born during the formation of the Kazakh Khanate, is thoroughly studied. Also the deep analysis of creativity of poets of sorrowful times of the XIX century, who came on a historical stage after zhyrau poetry and left the indelible trace in development of verbal art, carrying out the historical mission is given.

Special attention is paid to the valuable opinions of our scientists who studied the works of poets who called on their society and the younger generation to fight for independence and the value of freedom at a time when Kazakh poetry was going through various stages of development in the evolution of its formation and development. As a result, the opinion of researchers who studied the history of Kazakh poetry, which was supplemented, updated and developed in artistic, ideological, structural, stylistic directions in accordance with the needs of social life of each epoch, is scientifically substantiated that Kazakh poetry originated in antiquity, and then in Kultegin and Tonikok.