The article is devoted to the problem of forming the socio-cultural identity of future teachers of Russian language and literature by means of Russian-language literature in Kazakhstan. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to train teachers who are able to comprehend and translate the values of national culture in a multicultural society. The article examines the potential of the works of modern Kazakh Russian-speaking authors, which reflect issues of cultural identity, historical memory, intercultural interaction and national self-determination. Special attention is paid to the interpretation of Kazakh national codes as an important means of forming a national worldview and developing students' value orientations. The methodological basis of the research is the author's model of the formation of socio-cultural identity, developed on the basis of systemic, humanitarian, axiological and activity-based approaches, as well as the competence paradigm of education. The proposed model is focused on the development of professional, research, and value-semantic competencies of future teachers and can be used in the practice of teaching literary disciplines at a pedagogical university.