The article discusses the conceptual importance of ornithonyms in the linguistic picture of the world in an anthropolinguistic aspect. The role of birds in the culture of an ethnos is considered in conjunction with social and ethnocultural factors. The culture and knowledge of the ethnos about ornithonyms accumulated by the ethnos over the centuries, its spiritual life is considered in continuity with extralinguistic factors. The concept of “Bird” in the picture of the world is evaluated as human value and reflects the ethnic specificity of anthropological knowledge. Ornithology in the linguistic image of the world on the basis of the concept can reveal the knowledge of the world by an ethnos, the culture of an ethnos and the worldview of representatives of an ethnographic association. The conceptual significance of ornithology in the linguistic picture of the world is reflected in the context of “Nature – Man – Bird” through linguistic cognitive units, in combination with a national worldview and ethnos culture.