The article emphasizes that at the turn of the second and third millennia, the development of humanity along the path of expanding the relationship and interdependence of various countries, peoples and their cultures is becoming more and more obvious. This process has covered various spheres of public life in all countries of the world. The article also refers to ethnic societies that have been affected by the cultures of other peoples, as well as by the wider social environment. This fact also affects the educational environment, which has seen a rapid growth of cultural exchanges and direct contacts between state institutions, social groups, social movements and individuals from different countries and cultures. The increased interaction between cultures and peoples makes the issue of cultural identity and cultural differences particularly relevant.